Lietuviškai

                   THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF                   
                    THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA                    

                         D E C I S I O N                         

       On the construction of the 21 December 1999 ruling        
         of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of          
                            Lithuania                            

                    Vilnius, 12 January 2000                     

     The  Constitutional  Court  of  the  Republic  of Lithuania,
composed  of  the  Judges  of  the  Constitutional Court Egidijus
Jarašiūnas,   Egidijus   Kūris,   Zigmas   Levickis,   Augustinas
Normantas,   Vladas   Pavilonis,   Jonas   Prapiestis,   Vytautas
Sinkevičius, Stasys Stačiokas, and Teodora Staugaitienė,
     with the secretary of the hearing-Daiva Pitrėnaitė,
     in the presence of:
     the  representative  of the petitioner-a group of members of
the  Seimas  of  the  Republic  of Lithuania-Česlovas Juršėnas, a
Seimas member,
     the  representative  of  the  party  concerned-the Seimas of
the  Republic  of Lithuania-Jurgis Orlauskas, a senior consultant
to the Law Department of the Chancery of the Seimas,
     pursuant  to  Article  61  of  the Law on the Constitutional
Court,  on  10  January 2000 in the hearing of the Constitutional
Court  investigated  a  request  of  the  Chairman of the Supreme
Court  of  Lithuania  and  that of the Minister of Justice of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  to  construe  certain  provisions of the
Constitutional Court ruling of 21 December 1999.

     The Constitutional Court
                        has established:                         

                                I                                
     On  21  December  1999, the Constitutional Court adopted the
Ruling  "On  the  compliance of Articles 14, 251, 26, 30, 33, 34,
36,  40,  51,  56, 58, 59, 66, 69, 691, and 73 of the Republic of
Lithuania  Law  on  Courts  with the Constitution of the Republic
of Lithuania" (hereinafter referred to as the Ruling).
     The  Chairman  of the Supreme Court of Lithuania V. Greičius
and  the  Minister  of  Justice  of  the Republic of Lithuania G.
Balčiūnas,  basing  themselves on Part 1 of Article 61 of the Law
on   the   Constitutional  Court,  request  to  construe  certain
provisions of the Ruling.

                               II                                
     In  his  request  of  5  January  2000,  the Chairman of the
Supreme Court of Lithuania requests to construe:
     1.  Do  the  statements  of  Item  10  of  Chapter IV of the
stating  part  and  those Item 6 of the ruling part of the Ruling
whereby  it  is  recognised  that  Part  2  of  Article 58 of the
Republic  of  Lithuania Law on Courts (hereinafter referred to as
the  Law)  to  the  extent  that  the proposal of the Minister of
Justice  regarding  appointment  of judges to the Court of Honour
of  Judges  is  provided for contradicts Part 2 of Article 109 of
the  Constitution  mean  that  the  present  Court  of  Honour of
Judges   which   was   formed   prior   to   the  ruling  of  the
Constitutional  Court  may  continue  its  functions  in its full
composition?
     2.  Are  the  provisions  of  Item  11  of Chapter IV of the
stating  part  and  those of Item 7 of the ruling part whereby it
is  recognised  that Part 4 of Article 59 of the Law in the scope
whereby   disciplinary   action  against  the  chairperson  of  a
district  or  regional  court  and  the  Court  of  Appeal, their
deputies,   division   chairpersons   and  other  judges  may  be
instituted  by  the  Minister  of  Justice on the proposal of the
Director  of  the  Department  of Courts or on his own initiative
and  that  the  judge  against  whom disciplinary action has been
instituted  may  be  removed  from  office on the proposal of the
Minister  of  Justice until the outcome of the case becomes clear
contradicts  Part  2  of Article 109 and Part 5 of Article 112 of
the  Constitution  also  applicable  to  the  disciplinary  cases
instituted   by   the   Minister   of   Justice   prior   to  the
Constitutional  Court  ruling in question and where decisions are
still pending?
     3.   Do  the  provisions  regarding  the  material-technical
supply  of  courts  of  Item 12 of Chapter IV of the stating part
of  the  Ruling wherein it is asserted that the State budget must
provide  as  to  how  much  finances are to be allocated to every
individual  court,  those of Item 12 of Chapter IV of the stating
part  and  those  of  Item  8  of  the  ruling part wherein it is
recognised  that  Part  2  of  Article 69 of the Law in the scope
whereby  the  competence  of  the  Minister of Justice to arrange
for  the  financial  supply  of district, regional courts and the
Court  of  Appeal  is  established  contradicts Part 2 of Article
109  of  the  Constitution  mean  that  the finances allocated to
every  particular  court, with the exception of the Supreme Court
of  Lithuania,  are  to be accumulated in the Ministry of Justice
and  later  redistributed  to every particular court according to
the  assignations  established  to it in the State budget, or are
the   finances   provided   for  every  particular  court  by  an
individual  clause  in  the  budget  to be allocated to the court
directly, i.e. not through the Ministry of Justice?
     4.  Is  the  conclusion  of Item 5 of the ruling part of the
Ruling  whereby  it  is  recognised  that Part 3 of Article 51 of
the  Law  in  the scope whereby a judge of a district or regional
court,  that  of  the  Court  of  Appeal and the Supreme Court of
Lithuania,  in  case he agrees, may, by a decree of the President
of  the  Republic, be delegated for the term of up to one year to
the  structures  of  the  Ministry  of  Justice  or  those of the
Department  of  Courts  and  that  for the term of the delegation
the   powers   of   the   delegated   judge  shall  be  suspended
contradicts  Part  1 of Article 5, Part 2 of Article 109 and Part
1  of  Article  113  of  the  Constitution also applicable to the
persons   who   were   delegated  prior  to  the  ruling  of  the
Constitutional  Court  at  issue? Does the said conclusion of the
Constitutional   Court   terminate   the   delegation,   is   the
termination  of  the term of office of the delegation which began
prior  to  the  ruling  of  the  Constitutional  Court  at  issue
possible,  and  could  this  be assessed as a breach of oath of a
judge?
     5.  Does  the  statement  "any attempts to reduce the salary
or  other  social  guarantees of a judge or cut the budget of the
judiciary   are  interpreted  as  infringement  on  the  judicial
independence"  (Constitutional  Court  ruling  of 6 December 1995
is  quoted)  of Part 6 of Item 7 of Chapter I of the stating part
of  the  Ruling  mean  that any attempts to reduce these salaries
or  other  social  guarantees  contradict  the  principle  of the
independence  of  judges and courts established in Article 109 of
the  Constitution,  i.e.  regardless  of the fact on what motives
and  by  what  form one intends to do so? Does the statement "any
attempts  to  reduce  <…>  are  interpreted as infringement" mean
imperative  prohibition  of  reduction, and does this prohibition
include   restrictions  of  judges'  salaries  and  their  social
guarantees   based  on  any  motives  and  provided  for  by  any
normative  acts?  If  so,  then  what  legal  effects  would  the
normative  acts  have, if passed by the Government or the Seimas,
which  would  contradict the sentences of the stating part of the
ruling   of   the   Constitutional   Court   and   by  which  the
independence   of  judges  and  courts  would  be  violated,  for
example, judges' salaries would be reduced etc.?
     6.  Does  the concept "judges' remuneration" employed in the
statement  "judges'  remuneration  must not be reduced during his
or  her  judicial  service"  in  Part 5 of Item 7 of Chapter I of
the  stating  part  of  the  Ruling mean only the official salary
(only  a  constituent  part of remuneration for work), or does it
presume  all  the  payments  established by the State (regardless
of  how  they  are  referred  to in the normative acts) which the
person  receives  in  connection with his office of a judge, i.e.
does  the  concept  "judges'  remuneration"  include the official
salary  defined  on  the grounds of certain criteria (stable norm
and  coefficient),  as  well  as  its  increase and extra pay for
employment  period?  Does such a provision mean that the existing
social  guarantees  and remuneration of judges may not be reduced
irrespective   of  the  fact  by  the  acts  of  which  power-the
legislature  or  the executive-these social guarantees, including
remuneration, have been established?

                               III                               
     In  his  request of 6 December 2000, the Minister of Justice
requests  to  construe  whether the Minister of Justice could, in
attempt   to  ensure  even  development  of  the  whole  judicial
system,    accomplish    his    duty    to    arrange   for   the
material-technical  supply  to  district  and regional courts and
the  Court  of  Appeal  through  the  financing  of an individual
programme  of  arrangement  for  the material-technical supply of
courts  which  is  approved  by  the Republic of Lithuania Budget
Law,  at  the  same time being the administrator of the financial
assignations  for  the  implementation  of  this programme. Under
this   programme,   the   means   would   be   allocated  to  the
construction  of  court buildings or their acquisition, and means
for   special  expenses  for  creation  of  computer  systems  of
courts,  purchase  of  office  equipment  etc.  would be provided
for.
     The  Minister  of  Justice also requests to construe whether
the  Minister  of  Justice  could,  in attempt to prepare a draft
State  budget,  demand  the  data  concerning the needs of courts
from  respective  chairpersons  of  courts which are necessary in
order  to  prepare a draft State budget and which are linked with
financing of courts.

                               IV                                
     In  the  court  hearing  both  the  representatives  of  the
parties  to  the  case Č. Juršėnas, the representative of a group
of  Seimas  members,  and J. Orlauskas, the representative of the
Seimas,  noted  that  the requests of the Chairman of the Supreme
Court  of  Lithuania and the Minister of Justice are important as
the  construction  of the Ruling will help to ensure an effective
functioning  of  the  judicial  system  and  the  independence of
judges and courts.

     The Constitutional Court
                           holds that:                           

     1.  Under  Part  1  of Article 107 of the Constitution, laws
(or  parts  thereof)  of  the  Republic of Lithuania or any other
acts  (or  parts thereof) of the Seimas, acts of the President of
the  Republic  of  Lithuania,  and acts (or parts thereof) of the
Government   may   not  be  applied  from  the  day  of  official
promulgation  of  the  decision  of the Constitutional Court that
the  act  in  question (or part thereof) is inconsistent with the
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
     Article  72  Consequences  of the Recognition of a Legal Act
as  Being  Contradictory  to  the  Constitution of the Law on the
Constitutional  Court  provides  that  laws  of  the  Republic of
Lithuania  (or  a  part  thereof) or other Seimas acts (or a part
thereof),  acts  of the President of the Republic, or acts of the
Government  (or  a part thereof) shall not be applicable from the
day  that  a Constitutional Court ruling that the appropriate act
(or   a   part  thereof)  contradicts  the  Constitution  of  the
Republic   of  Lithuania  is  officially  promulgated.  The  same
consequences  shall  arise when the Constitutional Court adopts a
ruling  that  an  act  of the President of the Republic or act of
the  Government  (or  a  part  thereof)  is in contradiction with
laws.  Rulings  adopted  by  the  Constitutional Court shall have
the  power  of  law  and  shall  be  binding  to all governmental
institutions,  companies,  firms, and organisations as well as to
officials  and  citizens.  All  governmental institutions as well
as  their  officials  must  revoke  executive  acts or provisions
thereof  which  they  have  adopted and which are based on an act
which  has  been  recognized as unconstitutional. Decisions based
on  legal  acts which have been recognized as being contradictory
to  the  Constitution  or  laws must not be executed if they have
not  been  executed prior to the appropriate Constitutional Court
ruling  became  effective.  The power of the Constitutional Court
to  recognize  a  legal  act  or part thereof as unconstitutional
may  not  be overruled by a repeated adoption of a like legal act
or part thereof.
     The  Constitutional  Court  notes  that that a ruling of the
Constitutional  Court  constitutes  a  whole.  Its ruling part is
based  on  the  arguments  of  the  stating  part. Construing its
ruling,  therefore,  the  Constitutional  Court  is bound by both
the  content  of  the ruling part and that of the stating part. A
decision  adopted  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  a
ruling  of  the  Constitutional  Court  is  inseparable  from the
ruling of the Constitutional Court.
     2.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe  whether  the  statements  of  Item  10 of
Chapter  IV  of  the  stating  part  and  those  of Item 6 of the
ruling  part  of  the Ruling whereby it is recognised that Part 2
of  Article  58 of the Law to the extent that the proposal of the
Minister  of  Justice  regarding  appointment  of  judges  to the
Court  of  Honour of Judges is provided for contradicts Part 2 of
Article  109  of  the Constitution mean that the present Court of
Honour  of  Judges  which  was formed prior to the Constitutional
Court  ruling  in question may continue its functions in its full
composition.
     2.2.  The  Constitutional Court notes that the norm of a law
contradicting  the  Constitution shall not be applicable from the
day  that  a Constitutional Court respective ruling is officially
promulgated.  It  is  pointed  out in the request of the Chairman
of  the  Supreme  Court  of Lithuania that the Court of Honour of
Judges   which  is  composed  of  the  judges  appointed  on  the
proposal  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  was formed prior to the
official publication of the Constitutional Court ruling.
     All  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Honour  of Judges were
appointed  in  pursuance  of  the  Law  which  was then in force.
Submitting  proposals  regarding  appointment  of  judges  to the
Court   of   Honour  of  Judges,  the  Minister  of  Justice  was
implementing  his  powers which were provided for in the Law. The
proposal  of  the  Minister  of  Justice regarding appointment of
individual  persons  to  the  Court of Honour of Judges is an act
of application of the legal norm.
     Upon  application  of  the  norm  of Part 2 of Article 58 of
the   Law,   there  appeared  new  legal  relations  linked  with
accomplishment  of  the  functions  of  judges  of  the  Court of
Honour  of  Judges  and  which  continue  now. Therefore upon the
official   promulgation  of  the  ruling  of  the  Constitutional
Court,  the  powers  of  the  judges  of  the  Court of Honour of
Judges  who  have  been appointed on the proposal of the Minister
of Justice do not terminate of their own accord.
     3.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe  whether  the  provisions  of  Item  11 of
Chapter  IV  of  the  stating  part  and  those  of Item 7 of the
ruling  part  of  the Ruling whereby it is recognised that Part 4
of  Article  59  of  the  Law  in  the scope whereby disciplinary
action  against  the  chairperson of a district or regional court
and  the  Court  of Appeal, their deputies, division chairpersons
and  other  judges  may  be instituted by the Minister of Justice
on  the  proposal  of the Director of the Department of Courts or
on   his   own   initiative  and  that  the  judge  against  whom
disciplinary  action  has  been  instituted  may  be removed from
office  on  the  proposal  of  the  Minister of Justice until the
outcome  of  the case becomes clear contradicts Part 2 of Article
109  and  Part  5  of  Article  112  of the Constitution are also
applicable  to  the disciplinary cases instituted by the Minister
of  Justice  prior  to the ruling of the Constitutional Court and
where decisions are still pending.
     3.2.  Under  the  Law  the  Minister  of  Justice  had  been
entitled   to   institute   disciplinary   action   against   the
chairperson  of  a  district,  regional  court  and  the Court of
Appeal,  their  deputies,  division chairpersons and other judges
before   the   Constitutional   Court   ruling   was   officially
promulgated.  After  the  recognition  that the said norms of the
Law  contradict  Part  2 of Article 109 and Part 5 of Article 112
of  the  Constitution,  the  Minister  of  Justice  may no longer
implement  the  powers established in Part 4 of Article 59 of the
Law.   Institution   of   disciplinary   action   is  an  act  of
application  of  a legal norm. The Minister of Justice instituted
disciplinary  actions  against the judges under the Law which was
then  in  force.  Upon  application of the said legal norm, there
appeared  other  legal  relations, i.e. the relations linked with
the   investigation   of  these  cases  and  the  adoption  of  a
decision.  Therefore,  the official promulgation of the Ruling in
itself  does  not  create  any  basis to dismiss the disciplinary
cases  instituted  against  the  judges only due to the fact that
they were instituted by the Minister of Justice.
     4.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests   to  construe  whether  the  provisions  regarding  the
material-technical  supply  of courts of Item 12 of Chapter IV of
the  stating  part  of the Ruling wherein it is asserted that the
State  budget  must  provide  as  to  how much finances are to be
allocated  to  every  individual  court,  those  of  Item  12  of
Chapter  IV  of  the  stating  part  and  those  of Item 8 of the
ruling  part  wherein  it is recognised that Part 2 of Article 69
of  the  Law  in the scope whereby the competence of the Minister
of  Justice  to  arrange  for  the  financial supply of district,
regional   courts   and   the  Court  of  Appeal  is  established
contradicts  Part  2 of Article 109 of the Constitution mean that
the  finances  allocated  to  every  particular  court,  with the
exception   of   the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania,  are  to  be
accumulated  in  the  Ministry of Justice and later redistributed
to   every   particular   court  according  to  the  assignations
established  to  it  in the State budget, or whether the finances
provided  for  every  particular court by an individual clause in
the  budget  are  to be allocated to the court directly, i.e. not
through the Ministry of Justice.
     The  Minister  of  Justice  requests to construe whether the
Minister   of   Justice   could,   in   attempt  to  ensure  even
development  of  the overall judicial system, accomplish his duty
to  arrange  for  the  material-technical  supply to district and
regional  courts  and  the  Court of Appeal through the financing
of    an    individual   programme   of   arrangement   for   the
material-technical  supply  of  courts  which  is approved by the
Republic  of  Lithuania  Budget  Law,  at the same time being the
administrator    of    the   financial   assignations   for   the
implementation  of  this  programme.  Under  this  programme, the
means  would  be allocated to the construction of court buildings
or   their  acquisition,  and  means  for  special  expenses  for
creation  of  computer  systems  of  courts,  purchase  of office
equipment  etc.  would  be  provided for. The Minister of Justice
also  requests  to  construe  whether  the  Minister  of  Justice
could,  in  attempt  to  prepare a draft State budget, demand the
data  from  chairpersons  of  courts which are necessary in order
to  prepare  a  draft  State  budget  and  which  are linked with
financing of courts.
     4.2.  In  its Ruling the Constitutional Court held that "the
principle   of   independence   of   courts   also  includes  the
independent   financing   of  courts  from  the  executive.  This
principle  may  be  secured  by  providing in laws that the State
budget  must  provide as to how much finances are to be allocated
to  every  individual  court  so  that proper conditions might be
created for administration of justice".
     The  said  provisions  of  the Ruling mean that in the State
budget   assignations  must  be  provided  for  every  individual
court.  These  finances  must  be  allocated  to every individual
court  directly  and  not  through  the  Ministry of Justice. The
provision  of  the  Ruling  whereby the State budget must provide
as  to  how much finances are to be allocated to every individual
court  also  mean  that the Minister (Ministry) of Justice is not
an   administrator  of  the  assignations  allocated  to  courts,
therefore  he  may  not  determine  as to how the finances of the
State budget allocated to courts should be used.
     4.3.  The  provision  of the Ruling whereby the State budget
must  provide  as  to  how  much  finances are to be allocated to
every  individual  court does not mean that one may not establish
in  the  State  budget  as  to how much finances are allocated to
concrete supply programmes for the whole judicial system.
     The  subjects,  including  the Minister of Justice, who will
be  indicated  in  a  respective law may be administrators of the
assignations  provided  for  in  the  State  budget  for concrete
supply  programmes  for the whole judicial system, however, these
subjects   may   never   administer   the  finances  individually
provided for every individual court in the State budget.
     It  was  held  in  the  Ruling  that  in  the  area  of  the
arrangement  for  financial  supply  of  courts the powers of the
Minister  of  Justice  regarding  preparation  of  a  draft State
budget  and  those concerning its discussion in the Seimas may be
ascribed   to  his  competence.  This  provision  of  the  Ruling
pre-supposes  the  fact  that the Minister of Justice, in attempt
to  ensure  that in a draft State budget sufficient finances were
provided  so  that  appropriate  performance  of  courts might be
guaranteed,  has  the  right to get the data concerning the needs
of courts from respective chairpersons of courts.
     In  its  Ruling the Constitutional Court did not investigate
the  issue  regarding financing of the Court of Honour of Judges,
therefore  it  will  not  construe  it  in  the present decision.
Alongside,  the  Constitutional  Court  notes that an independent
institution  of  judges  established  and  acting on the basis of
laws must in all cases be financed from the State budget.
     5.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe  whether  the  conclusion of Item 5 of the
ruling  part  of  the Ruling whereby it is recognised that Part 3
of  Article  51  of  the  Law  in  the scope whereby a judge of a
district  or  regional court, that of the Court of Appeal and the
Supreme  Court  of Lithuania, in case he agrees, may, by a decree
of  the  President  of the Republic, be delegated for the term of
up  to  one  year to the structures of the Ministry of Justice or
those  of  the  Department of Courts and that for the term of the
delegation  the  powers of the delegated judge shall be suspended
contradicts  Part  1 of Article 5, Part 2 of Article 109 and Part
1  of  Article  113 of the Constitution is also applicable to the
persons   who   were   delegated  prior  to  the  ruling  of  the
Constitutional Court at issue.
     The   Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania  also
requests   to   construe  whether  the  said  conclusion  of  the
Constitutional  Court  terminates  the  delegation,  whether  the
termination  of  the term of office of the delegation which began
prior  to  the  ruling  of  the  Constitutional Court at issue is
possible,  and  whether  this  could  be  assessed as a breach of
oath of a judge.
     5.2.  It  has  been  mentioned  in the present decision that
under  Part  1  of Article 107 of the Constitution and Article 72
of  the  Law on the Constitutional Court, laws (or parts thereof)
may  not  be applied from the day of official promulgation of the
decision  of  the  Constitutional  Court that the act in question
(or  part  thereof)  is inconsistent with the Constitution of the
Republic of Lithuania.
     The  judges  pointed  out  in the request of the Chairman of
the   Supreme   Court   of   Lithuania   were  delegated  to  the
institutions  of  the  executive pursuant to the norms of the Law
which  were  in  effect  until  the  official promulgation of the
Constitutional  Court  ruling.  Part  3  of Article 51 of the Law
which  was  recognised  as  contradicting the Constitution by the
Ruling  may  no longer be applied after the official promulgation
of   the  Constitutional  Court  ruling.  Thus  the  judges  were
delegated  to  the structures of the Ministry of Justice or those
of  the  Department  of  Courts  pursuant to the norms of the Law
which  were  then  in  effect.  Under  the  Law,  the judges were
delegated  to  the  institutions  of  the executive for up to one
year.  The  delegation  of a person for work in the structures of
the  Ministry  of Justice or those of the Department of Courts is
an act of the application of the legal norm.
     However,  in  the  case  indicated  by  the  Chairman of the
Supreme  Court  of Lithuania, one has to take account of the fact
that  after  the  recognition  by the Constitutional Court ruling
that  the  part  of  the  article  of  the  Law providing for the
delegation  of  a  judge  to the institutions of the executive as
contradicting   the   Constitution,   any  further  work  of  the
delegated  judge  at the Ministry of Justice or the Department of
Courts  is  not  in  line  with  Part  1  of  Article  113 of the
Constitution  and  the  status  of  judges  provided  for  in the
Constitution.
     6.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe  whether  the  statement  "any attempts to
reduce  the  salary  or other social guarantees of a judge or cut
the  budget  of  the judiciary are interpreted as infringement on
the  judicial  independence"  (Constitutional  Court  ruling of 6
December  1995  is  quoted)  of  Part 6 of Item 7 of Chapter I of
the  stating  part  of  the  Ruling  means  that  any attempts to
reduce  these  salaries or other social guarantees contradict the
principle  of  the  independence of judges and courts established
in  Article  109 of the Constitution, i.e. regardless of the fact
on what motives and by what form one intends to do so.
     He  also  requests  to  construe  whether the statement "any
attempts  to  reduce  <…>  are interpreted as infringement" means
imperative   prohibition   of   reduction,   and   whether   this
prohibition  includes  restrictions of judges' salaries and their
social  guarantees  based  on any motives and provided for by any
normative  acts.  If  so,  then  what legal effects the normative
acts  would  have,  if  passed  by  the Government or the Seimas,
which  would  contradict the sentences of the stating part of the
ruling   of   the   Constitutional   Court   and   by  which  the
independence   of  judges  and  courts  would  be  violated,  for
example, judges' salaries would be reduced etc.
     6.2.   Giving   its  interpretation  of  the  constitutional
principle  of  the  independence  of  judges  and  courts  in the
Ruling,  the  Constitutional  Court  held  that the protection of
remuneration  of  judges and their other social guarantees is one
of  the  guarantees  of  ensuring  of  this  principle. Part 2 of
Article   109   of   the   Constitution   provides   that,  while
administering  justice,  judges  and courts shall be independent.
It  was  held  in  the  Ruling  that  any  attempts to reduce the
salary  or  other  social guarantees of a judge or cut the budget
of   the   judiciary  are  interpreted  as  infringement  on  the
judicial independence.
     The  said  provision  of the Ruling means that in attempt to
ensure   the   independence   of   judges  and  courts  from  the
legislature   and  the  executive  any  attempts  to  reduce  the
remuneration  or  other  social  guarantees of a judge during his
or  her  judicial  service are prohibited. This is an imperative.
In  case  it  is  violated, conditions are created to subject the
judiciary  to  a political situation. The imperative character of
this  provision  derives  from  the principle of the independence
of  judges  and courts which is established in Article 109 of the
Constitution,  and  from  the  imperative prohibition established
in  Article  113  of the Constitution whereby judges are also not
permitted   during   the   professional  career  to  receive  any
remuneration  other  than  the  salary  established for judges as
well   as  payments  for  educational,  scientific,  or  creative
activities.  It  also  derives  from  the  professional  and  not
political  nature  of  the  judiciary, which was indicated in the
Ruling.
     It   was   held   in   the  Ruling  that  the  principle  of
independence  of  judges  and  courts  is  established in all the
constitutions    of   democratic   states   and   a   number   of
international  acts.  The constitutional protection also includes
the  protection  of the guarantees of social (material) nature of
the  independence  of  judges  and courts. This is also confirmed
by  the  constitutional  jurisprudence  of democratic states. For
instance,  by  its  decision  of  18  September 1997, the Supreme
Court  of  Canada  recognised  the  measures  of  restriction  of
judges'  salaries  which were applied to avoid the budget deficit
as  contradicting  the  principle  of the independence of courts,
and,  therefore,  anti-constitutional;  by  its  decision  of  15
September  1999,  the  Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
recognised  the  legal  provisions  whereby extra pays to judges'
salaries were abolished as anti-constitutional.
     6.3.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe  as  to  what  legal effects the normative
acts  would  have if passed by the Government or the Seimas which
would  contradict  the  sentences  of  the  stating  part  of the
ruling   of   the   Constitutional   Court   and   by  which  the
independence of judges and courts would be violated.
     The   Constitutional  Court  notes  that  under  Part  1  of
Article  102  of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court shall
decide  whether  the  laws  and  other  legal acts adopted by the
Seimas  are  in  conformity  with the Constitution and legal acts
adopted  by  the President and the Government, do not violate the
Constitution  or  laws.  Part  1 of Article 7 of the Constitution
provides  that  any  law  or  other statute which contradicts the
Constitution shall be invalid.
     The  Constitutional  Court  does not decide as to what legal
effects  the  legal  acts  which  have  not been adopted or which
have  not  been  investigated  by  the Constitutional Court might
have.
     Under   Part   2   of   Article   72   of  the  Law  on  the
Constitutional  Court,  rulings  adopted  by  the  Constitutional
Court  shall  have  the  power of law and shall be binding to all
governmental  institutions,  companies,  firms, and organisations
as  well  as  to  officials  and  citizens.  This  means that all
subjects  of  law,  including  the  legislator,  are bound by the
earlier  passed  rulings  of  the Constitutional Court, therefore
the  principle  of  the independence of judges and courts as well
as  the  guarantees  of this principle may not be violated by any
legal act.
     7.1.   The  Chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Lithuania
requests  to  construe whether the concept "judges' remuneration"
employed  in  the  statement  "judges'  remuneration  must not be
reduced  during  his or her judicial service" in Part 5 of Item 7
of  Chapter  I  of  the  stating part of the Ruling mean only the
official  salary  (only  a  constituent  part of remuneration for
work),  or  whether  it  presumes all the payments established by
the  State  (regardless  of  how  they  are  referred  to  in the
normative  acts)  which  the  person  receives in connection with
his  office  of  a  judge,  i.e.  whether  the  concept  "judges'
remuneration"   includes  the  official  salary  defined  on  the
grounds  of  certain  criteria  (stable norm and coefficient), as
well  as  its  increase  and  extra pay for employment period. He
also  requests  to  construe  whether such a provision means that
the  existing  social  guarantees  and remuneration of judges may
not  be  reduced  irrespective  of  the fact by the acts of which
power-the  legislature  or the executive-these social guarantees,
including remuneration, have been established.
     7.2.  The  concept  "remuneration of judges" employed in the
Ruling  includes  all  payments  paid  to  a judge from the State
budget.
     The  Constitutional  Court  held  in  the  Ruling  that  the
social guarantees for judges may not be reduced.

     Conforming  to  Article  61 of the Republic of Lithuania Law
on   the  Constitutional  Court,  the  Constitutional  Court  has
adopted the following
                            decision:                            

     1.  The  provisions  of Item 10 of Chapter IV of the stating
part  and  those  of Item 6 of the ruling part of the 21 December
1999  ruling  of  the  Constitutional  Court  of  the Republic of
Lithuania  whereby  it is recognised that Part 2 of Article 58 of
the  Republic  of  Lithuania Law on Courts to the extent that the
proposal  of  the  Minister  of  Justice regarding appointment of
judges  to  the  Court  of  Honour  of  Judges  is  provided  for
contradicts  Part  2  of  Article  109 of the Constitution of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  mean that upon the official promulgation
of  the  21 December 1999 ruling of the Constitutional Court, the
powers  of  the  judges of the Court of Honour of Judges who have
been  appointed  on  the  proposal  of the Minister of Justice do
not terminate of their own accord.
     2.  The  provisions  of Item 11 of Chapter IV of the stating
part  and  those of Item 7 of the ruling part of the ruling of 21
December  1999  of  the  Constitutional  Court of the Republic of
Lithuania  whereby  it is recognised that Part 4 of Article 59 of
the  Republic  of  Lithuania  Law  on Courts in the scope whereby
disciplinary  action  against  the  chairperson  of a district or
regional   court   and  the  Court  of  Appeal,  their  deputies,
division  chairpersons  and other judges may be instituted by the
Minister  of  Justice  on  the  proposal  of  the Director of the
Department  of  Courts  or  on  his  own  initiative and that the
judge  against  whom  disciplinary action has been instituted may
be  removed  from  office  on  the  proposal  of  the Minister of
Justice  until  the outcome of the case becomes clear contradicts
Part  2  of  Article  109  and  Part  5  of  Article  112  of the
Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania mean that that the
official  promulgation  of  the  21  December  1999 ruling of the
Constitutional  Court  in  itself  does  not  create any basis to
dismiss  the  disciplinary  cases  instituted  against the judges
only  due  to  the fact that they were instituted by the Minister
of Justice.
     3.  The  provisions  of Item 12 of Chapter IV of the stating
part  of  the  ruling  of  21 December 1999 of the Constitutional
Court  of  the  Republic of Lithuania wherein it is asserted that
the  State  budget must provide as to how much finances are to be
allocated  to  every  individual  court,  those  of  Item  12  of
Chapter  IV  of  the  stating  part  and  those  of Item 8 of the
ruling  part  wherein  it is recognised that Part 2 of Article 69
of  the  Republic of Lithuania Law on Courts in the scope whereby
the  competence  of  the  Minister  of Justice to arrange for the
financial  supply  of  district, regional courts and the Court of
Appeal  is  established  contradicts Part 2 of Article 109 of the
Constitution   of   the  Republic  of  Lithuania  mean  that  the
assignations  provided  for  every  individual court in the State
budget  must  be allocated to every individual court directly and
not  through  the  Ministry  of Justice, and that the Minister of
Justice  may  not  administer these finances, however he, in case
this  is  provided  for in a law, may be the administrator of the
assignations   provided  for  in  the  State  budget  for  supply
programmes  for  the  whole  judicial system; this provision also
means  that  the  Minister  of  Justice,  in  the  course  of the
preparation  of  a  draft  State budget, has the right to get the
data   concerning   the   needs   of   courts   from   respective
chairpersons of courts.
     4.  Item  5  of the ruling part of the ruling of 21 December
1999  of  the  Constitutional  Court of the Republic of Lithuania
whereby  it  is  recognised  that  Part  3  of  Article 51 of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  Law  on  Courts  in  the scope whereby a
judge  of  a  district  or  regional  court, that of the Court of
Appeal  and  the  Supreme  Court of Lithuania, in case he agrees,
may,  by  a decree of the President of the Republic, be delegated
for  the  term  of  up  to  one  year  to  the  structures of the
Ministry  of  Justice  or  those  of the Department of Courts and
that  for  the term of the delegation the powers of the delegated
judge  shall  be  suspended contradicts Part 1 of Article 5, Part
2  of  Article  109 and Part 1 of Article 113 of the Constitution
of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania means that after the recognition
by  the  Constitutional Court ruling that the part of the article
of  the  Law on Courts providing for the delegation of a judge to
the   institutions   of   the   executive   was   recognised   as
contradicting   the   Constitution,   any  further  work  of  the
delegated  judge  at the Ministry of Justice or the Department of
Courts  is  not  in  line  with  Part  1  of  Article  113 of the
Constitution  and  the  status  of  judges  provided  for  in the
Constitution.
     5.  The  statement  "any  attempts  to  reduce the salary or
other  social  guarantees  of  a  judge  or cut the budget of the
judiciary   are  interpreted  as  infringement  on  the  judicial
independence"  of  Part  6  of Item 7 of Chapter I of the stating
part  of  the 21 December 1999 ruling of the Constitutional Court
of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania  means  that it is prohibited to
reduce  the  remuneration  or  other social guarantees of a judge
during his or her judicial service.
     6.  The  concept  "judges'  remuneration"  in  the statement
"judges'  remuneration  must  not  be  reduced  during his or her
judicial  service"  of  Part  5  of  Item  7  of Chapter I of the
ruling  of  21  December  1999 of the Constitutional Court of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  includes  all  payments  paid to a judge
from the State budget.