Lietuviškai

                   THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF                   
                    THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA                    

                           R U L I N G                           

     On  the  compliance  of the provisions of items 1, 9, 12 and
39  of  the  Law  "On  Amending  and  Appending  the  Law  of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  on Referendum" of 15 June 1994, by which
Articles  1,  9,  12  and  32  of the Law on Referendum have been
amended  or  appended,  with  the Constitution of the Republic of
Lithuania
  
                      22 July 1994, Vilnius                      

     The  Constitutional  Court  of  the  Republic  of Lithuania,
composed  from  the Justices of the Constitutional Court Algirdas
Gailiūnas,   Zigmas   Levickis,   Pranas  Vytautas  Rasimavičius,
Stasys  Stačiokas,  Teodora  Staugaitienė,  Stasys  Šedbaras  and
Juozas Žilys,
     the secretary of the hearing - Rolanda Stimbirytė,
     the  petitioner  -  Seimas  member  Alfonsas  Vaišnoras  and
Zenonas   Juknevičius,  representatives  of  a  group  of  Seimas
members,
     the  party  concerned - Juozas Bernatonis, representative of
the Seimas, deputy Chairman of the Seimas
     pursuant  to  the Part 1, Article 102 of the Constitution of
the  Republic  of  Lithuania  and Part 1, Article 1 of the Law on
the  Constitutional  Court  of  the Republic of Lithuania, in its
public  hearing  of  20  July 1994 conducted the investigation of
Case  No  18/94 subsequent to the petition submitted to the Court
by  a  group  of  Seimas members requesting to investigate if the
provisions  of  items 1, 9, 12 and 39 of the Law "On Amending and
Appending  the  Law  of the Republic of Lithuania on Referendum",
adopted  15  June  1994, by which Articles 1, 9, 12 and 32 of the
Law  on  Referendum have been amended or appended, are consistent
with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
  
     The Constitutional Court
     has established:

                               1.                                
     The  Seimas  of  the  Republic  of Lithuania on 15 June 1994
adopted  the  Law  "On  Amending  and  Appending  the  Law of the
Republic   of   Lithuania   on   Referendum"   (Official  Gazette
"Valstybės Žinios", No 47-870, 1994).
     The  petitioner  requests to investigate if the part of item
1  of  this  Law, by which Article 1 of the Law on Referendum has
been  amended;  the  part  of  item 9, by which the first and the
third  parts  of  Article  of  the  Law  on  Referendum have been
amended;  the  part of item 12, by which Article 12 of the Law on
Referendum  has  been  appended by Parts 2 and 3; and the part of
item  39,  by  which  the  second  part  of Article 32 the Law on
Referendum  became  Part  5  after  the  new  formulation of said
Article  of  the  Law  on  Referendum, are in compliance with the
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.

                               2.                                
     The   petitioner's   request   is  based  on  the  following
arguments.
     1.  The  amendment  to  Article  1  of the Law on Referendum
specifying  that  not  the  laws  but  only the provisions of the
laws  may  be  adopted  by  referendum  meant  violation  of  the
substance  of  Articles 4, 9, 33 and the third part of Article 71
of  the  Constitution,  as  they speak only about laws adopted by
referendum.
     Furthermore,    the    Seimas   exceeded   its   powers   by
establishing  in  the  new  edition of Article 1 that "provisions
of  laws  on  economic  issues  may be adopted by referendum only
after  economic  examination of possible consequences". Thus, the
right  to  referendum  is  related  to  the economic examination,
and,  moreover,  experts  appointed  by  no  one  knows  whom are
entitled  to  the  right  to  decide  whether to permit or not to
permit  the  People  to  exercise  the  supreme  sovereign power,
whether  to  permit  or  not to permit to directly participate in
the  government  of  their  State. Therefore, not only Articles 4
and  33  of  the Constitution have been violated but also Article
6  of  the  Constitution,  stating that the Constitution shall be
an  integral  and  directly  applicable  statute, has been denied
without any conclusions made by the experts.
     2.  In  the amendments to Article 9 of the law on Referendum
it   is  required  that  a  citizen  while  signing  a  list  for
initiating  a  referendum  should  indicate  his passport number.
This  contradicts  Article 4, the third part of Article 9 and the
first  part  of  Article  33  of the Constitution, because, while
carrying  out  this  provision,  those  citizens who due to their
physical  handicap  or  semi-literacy  cannot write all the data,
are   deprived   of   the  constitutional  right  to  demand  the
announcement   of   a  referendum,  and  the  right  to  directly
participate  in  the  government  of  their  State.  Moreover,  a
citizen  has  all  the  rights, irrespective of the fact, whether
or not he has always a passport with him.
     3.  Articles  9, 282 and 29 of the Law on Referendum are not
co-ordinated   among  themselves  and,  therefore,  restrict  the
constitutional  rights  of  citizens  to require the announcement
of   a   referendum,  because  in  Articles  282  and  29  it  is
established,  that  a  voter may submit to the district electoral
committee   not   only  a  passport  but  also  another  document
confirming   his  personality  or  citizenship,  or  ask  another
person  to  fill  in  the  ballot-paper  in  case he cannot do it
himself.
     4.  In  the  second  part of the newly formulated Article 12
of  the  Law on Referendum it is determined that the Seimas' duty
shall  be  to decide whether a draft of the provisions of the law
submitted    for   referendum   is   in   conformity   with   the
Constitution.  This  provision  violates  Articles  67 and 102 of
the  Constitution.  Said  Articles  of  the  Constitution  do not
provide  the  right  for  the Seimas to adopt decisions as to the
conformity   of   the   legal  acts  or  their  drafts  with  the
Constitution.  It  is the prerogative of the Constitutional Court
to   decide   whether   the   legal   acts  do  not  violate  the
Constitution.
     5.  In  the third part of the newly formulated Article 12 of
the  Law  on  Referendum it is set forth that the announcement of
a  referendum  may  be postponed provided that the Seimas decides
to  consider  and adopt submitted provisions of the law, however,
the  referendum  should  be  called at the same Seimas sitting in
which  the  Seimas fails to adopt the submitted provisions of the
law.   This   period  of  consideration  until  the  adoption  or
non-adoption  of  the provisions of the law is not limited in any
way.   The  consideration  can  be  artificially  prolonged,  for
example  failing  to  write  the issue under consideration on the
agenda.  This,  however,  contradicts Articles 4, 9 and 33 of the
Constitution.
     6.  In  the fifth part of the newly formulated Article 32 of
the  Law  on  Referendum it is established that the provisions of
the   law   or   other  decisions  shall  be  deemed  adopted  by
referendum  if  more  than half of citizens included in the lists
of  voters  approve  of  them  during  referendum. This provision
restricts  the  implementation  of  the  constitutional  right of
citizens   to  participate  in  the  government  of  their  State
directly  as  compared  to  their participation in the government
through  their  freely  elected  representatives,  because, under
the  provisions  of  the Law on Elections to the Seimas (Articles
75  and  76)  and  Article  69 of the Constitution, laws shall be
deemed  adopted  in  the  Seimas  if  at  least  10  per  cent of
democratically     elected    People's    representatives    vote
affirmatively.   Such   restriction  of  the  right  to  directly
participate  in  the government of the State is not stipulated in
Article 33 of the Constitution.

                               3.                                
     The   petitioner's   representatives  have  explained  that,
while  adopting  the  Law  "On  Amending and Appending the Law of
the  Republic  of  Lithuania on Referendum", the Constitution was
violated  because  the  Seimas  concentrated  on  the approaching
referendum   on   the   adoption   of   the   Law   "On  Unlawful
Privatization,   Devaluated   Accounts  and  Shares  as  well  as
Transgressions    of    Legal   Protection".   The   petitioner's
representatives    have   submitted   the   following   reasoning
concerning  the  compliance  of  specific  articles of the Law in
dispute with the Constitution.
     1.  In  Article  1 of the Law on Referendum it is prescribed
that  the  provisions  of laws may be submitted for referendum. A
provision  of  a  law  is  only  a part of a law - its article or
norm  -  and not the whole law, therefore such restriction of the
citizens'  right  to call a referendum contradicts Articles 4, 9,
33  and  the  third  part  of Article 71 of the Constitution. The
Seimas,  while  adopting  this norm, conformed only to Article 69
of  the  Constitution  and  left out of account the third part of
Article  71,  which  runs  about  the signing and promulgation of
laws  adopted  by  the  Seimas and says nothing about that of the
provisions  of  laws.  If  the provisions of laws were adopted by
referendum,  the  Seimas, by way of implementing them, would have
to adopt a law distorting the People's will.
     2.  The  norm  of  the Law on Referendum, having related the
referendum  on  economic  issues  to  the economic examination of
possible  consequences,  implies  that  the  citizens'  right  to
participate  in  the  government  of  their  State  is related to
additional  procedures  without specifying what institution shall
carry  out  these procedures. The initiative group, while calling
a    referendum,   shall   perform   official   or   non-official
examination on its own responsibility.
     3.  The  requirement  of  amended  Article  9  of the Law on
Referendum  that  a  citizen shall himself fill in a ballot-paper
and  indicate  his  passport  number  violates the constitutional
civil  right  in  cases  when  a  person  is  semiliterate or has
physical  handicap,  etc.  While  voting in referendum, he or she
shall  be  able  to  invite another person into the ballot booth,
to   submit   another   document  confirming  person's  identity,
whereas  while  implementing  the right to call a referendum this
right  is  restricted.  The  request  to  indicate  the  passport
number  is  some  sort  of  compulsion,  as a person is forced to
have  a  passport  with  him  all  the  time.  That means lack of
confidence  in  a  person. The truthfulness of signatures must be
verified by an institution prescribed by law.
     4.  The  duty of the Seimas is to act in conformity with the
Constitution  while  adopting  laws.  However,  in cases when the
initiative  to  call  a  referendum is expressed by the citizens,
the  Seimas  may not prevent the citizens from the implementation
of  their  initiative.  While  assuming  the  duty  to verify the
constitutionality  of  the  issue  submitted  for referendum, the
Seimas  violates  the  Constitution.  The  citizens  may directly
amend the Constitution as well.
     5.  The  provision  of  the third part of amended Article 12
of  the  Law  on  Referendum,  which provides the Seimas with the
possibility  to  consider the draft law submitted for referendum,
has   not   been  finally  regulated.  It  is  obscure,  how  the
initiative  of  the  citizens  shall  be implemented, whether the
announcement  of  referendum shall not be delayed for a long time
ignoring the citizens' will.
     6.  The  norm  of the fifth part of Article 32 of the Law on
Referendum  that  the  provisions  of the law or another decision
shall  be  deemed  adopted by referendum if more than half of the
citizens  included  in  the  lists  of voters approve of them, is
very  different  from  the  requirements set for the formation of
the  Seimas.  Pursuant to the Constitution, the majority by which
decisions  shall  be  deemed  adopted,  should  correspond to the
majority  by  which the People shall delegate their rights to the
People's representatives.
     The   petitioner's   representatives   have   requested   to
recognize  that  Article  1,  amendments  and  supplements to the
first  and  third  parts of Article 9, the second and third parts
of  Article  12  and  the  fifth part of Article 32 of the Law on
Referendum, contradict the Constitution.

                               4.                                
     The  representative  of  the  party  concerned has expressed
the  opinion,  that  the  petitioner  had  submitted  no grounded
arguments  proving  the contradiction of the Law on Referendum to
the Constitution, and proposed the following explanations.
     1.  Article  1  of  the Law on Referendum contains the norms
established  in  the  first part of Article 9 and the fourth part
of  Article  69 of the Constitution. The third part of Article 71
of   the   Constitution   determines   the   procedure   of   the
promulgation   of   laws  and  not  of  their  adoption.  Neither
Constitution  nor  the  Law on Referendum restricts the number of
provisions  submitted  for  referendum; the provisions of the law
ready  for  adoption  may  also be submitted for referendum. Upon
adoption,  signing  and  promulgation  of these provisions in the
established   procedure,   they   acquire   the   power  of  law.
Therefore,  in  the  opinion  of  the representative of the party
concerned,  the  norm  of Article 1 of the Law on Referendum that
the  provisions  of the law may be submitted for referendum, does
not contradict Constitution.
     2.  The  fourth  part  of  Article  9  of  the  Constitution
determines   that   the   procedure   for  the  announcement  and
execution  of  a  referendum shall be established by law, whereas
Article  69  of  the  Constitution  prescribes the main rules for
the  adoption  of laws. Thus, the Seimas itself may establish the
procedure  for  the  announcement  and  execution of a referendum
according   to  the  Constitution.  The  Statute  of  the  Seimas
establishes  what  an  initiator  of  a  draft  law must do while
submitting  the  draft,  whereas  the  Law on Referendum does not
prescribe  that  exhaustive  conclusions  must be presented along
with  the  draft  submitted  for referendum. Therefore, there was
adopted  the  norm  of  Article  1  of  the  Law  on  Referendum,
specifying  that  the  provisions  of the laws on economic issues
may   be   adopted   be   referendum   only  after  the  economic
examination  of  possible  consequences.  This  shall  be only an
extra  measure  helping  a  citizen  to make a decision. From the
point  of  view  of  jurisprudence,  this  norm  perhaps  is  not
distinctly  formulated,  however, in practice this is no obstacle
for the announcement of a referendum.
     3.  The  Law  on  Referendum valid until now established the
witnessing  of  citizens' signatures by a notary. In such a case,
a  passport,  or  a document certifying the person's identity had
to  be  presented.  After  the  procedure  for  the witnessing of
citizens'  signatures  by a notary had been given up, and seeking
to  prevent  the cases when the citizens' will might be distorted
or  falsified,  the  first  part  of  Article  9  of  the  Law on
Referendum  was  amended  establishing  that,  along  with  other
data,  a  passport  number must be specified while signing a list
for  initiating  a  referendum.  It  is possible to do so without
carrying  a  passport all the time. This entirely conforms to the
third   part   of   Article   9  of  the  Constitution  that  the
announcement  of  a  referendum  may  be  initiated  only  by the
citizens  of  the  Republic  of Lithuania. It is not necessary to
establish  the  citizenship of a person before his or her voting,
as   such  data  are  written  on  the  list  of  voters.  It  is
sufficient only to establish the identity of a voter.
     4.  The  second  part  of  appended Article 12 of the Law on
Referendum  is  not  a  norm.  It contains only the repetition of
the  appropriate  Article  of  the  Statute  of  the Seimas which
prescribes  the  procedure  for  the  co-ordination  of the draft
legal  acts  considered  by  structural  units of the Seimas with
the  Constitution.  The  supplement  to  the  Law  on  Referendum
commission  the  whole  Seimas  to do this. In the fourth part of
Article  59  of  the  Constitution  it  is  established  that, in
office,   Seimas   members  shall  act  in  accordance  with  the
Constitution.  If  Seimas  members  were  obliged  to  submit for
referendum  a  draft  law  contradicting  the  Constitution, they
would  be  compelled  to  break  their oath. Neither Articles 102
and  105  of  the  Constitution nor the Law on the Constitutional
Court  entitle  the  Constitutional  Court to the right to decide
whether   draft   legal   acts   are   in   conformity  with  the
Constitution.
     5.  In  accordance  with the provisions of the third part of
amended  Article  12  of  the  Law on Referendum, the adoption of
the  decision  on  the  issue of the announcement of a referendum
may   not   be   delayed,  because  the  Statute  of  the  Seimas
establishes  the  possibility  to consider draft laws in speed-up
procedure.  In  the  Statute  of the Seimas it is also determined
which  issues  shall  be  obligatorily  put  on  the  agenda of a
plenary sitting.
     6.  The  norm  of the fifth part of Article 32 of the Law on
Referendum  that  the  decision  in  referendum  shall  be deemed
adopted  if  more  than half of the registered voters vote in the
affirmative,  does  not  contradict  the Constitution either. The
Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania  has  been adopted
conforming  to  this  principle;  other  referenda have also been
conducted  in  accordance  with  the same rule. The establishment
of  another  than  the  majority  vote  principle  may  not  find
motivation  in  the  rules  of  the  election  of Seimas members,
because   the  People's  elected  representative  represents  the
whole People and not the voters who voted in favour thereof.
     The  representative  of  the  party  concerned  requested to
recognize  that  said  amendments  and  supplements to the Law on
Referendum  did  not  contradict the Constitution of the Republic
of Lithuania.

	The Constitutional Court
                           holds that:                           

     1.  Article  4  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic  of
Lithuania   establishes   that  the  People  shall  exercise  the
supreme  sovereign  power  vested  in  them  either  directly  or
through  their  democratically elected representatives. Thus, the
Constitution  prescribes  the possibility for the citizens of the
State  to  implement  the  People's  sovereignty  in  the form of
direct  democracy,  i.  e.  by  referendum.  In  accordance  with
jurisprudence  and  constitutional  traditions,  a  referendum is
understood  as  the  popular  vote  on  the issues concerning the
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  laws  or provisions of laws, as
well   as   home   and   foreign  policy.  The  essence  of  this
institution  of  democracy  is  defined  by two main criteria: 1)
direct  definition  of  the  People's  sovereign powers ( suprema
potestas  )  and 2) the legal significance of the acts adopted in
the process of implementation of direct democracy.
     Referenda   are  divided  into  decisive,  consultative  and
ratifying.  Decisive  referenda,  when  the  People adopt laws by
popular  vote,  as  a political legal institute are rarely met in
countries  with  democratic  traditions.  Consultative referenda,
when  the  most important issues concerning the life of the state
are  submitted  for  consideration,  are  more  widely spread, as
well  as  ratifying referenda, when people express their approval
or disapproval of the law adopted by the parliament.
     Article  9  of  the  Constitution  establish  that  the most
important  issues  concerning  the  life  of  the  State  and the
People  shall  be  decided  by  referendum; the procedure for the
announcement  and  execution of a referendum shall be established
by  law.  The  implementation  of  the  principles  of  referenda
determined  in  the  Constitution is particularized in the Law on
Referendum,  adopted  3  November  1989;  and on 15 June 1994 the
Seimas  enacted  the  Law  "On  Amending and Appending the Law of
the Republic of Lithuania on Referendum".
     2.  Item  1  of  the Law in dispute has amended Article 1 of
the  Law  on Referendum. It sets forth that "the most significant
issues  concerning  the life of the State and the People shall be
decided,   and   the   provisions  of  laws  may  be  adopted  by
referendum".  According  to  the  former edition of this Article,
it   was   determined   that   only  laws  might  be  adopted  by
referendum.
     Article  69  of  the Constitution prescribes the fundamental
rules  of  legislation.  In the fourth part of said Article it is
established  that  the  provisions  of  laws  may  be  adopted by
referendum.  In  the  Constitution  and  the  Law  on Referendum,
while  regulating  the  right  of  the  initiative  to announce a
referendum,   the  number  of  provisions  to  be  submitted  for
referendum  is  not determined. Therefore, the notion "provisions
of  laws"  used  in the Constitution may be understood equally as
an  integral  law  as  well  as separate norms of a law. A law as
well   as   its  constituent  parts  always  consist  of  certain
provisions  that  become  legal  norms  only  in  the  process of
legislation.   However,   it  does  not  mean,  that  a  law  and
provisions  of  laws  have  different legal power in the stage of
their  submittal  for  referendum as well as after their adoption
by referendum.
     A  law  is  a  primary  legal  act  passed  in the procedure
prescribed  by  the  Constitution and other laws. Citizens, while
exercising   their  right  established  in  the  Constitution  to
participate  directly  in the government of their State, shall be
legislators  of  laws  adopted  by  referendum (Article 33 of the
Constitution).  In  the  third  and  fourth part of Article 71 of
the  Constitution  it  is  stipulated  that  the President of the
Republic  must,  within five days, sign and officially promulgate
laws  and  other  acts  adopted  by referendum; in the event that
the  President  of the Republic does not sign and promulgate such
laws  within  the  established  period,  said  laws  shall become
effective  upon  being  signed  and officially promulgated by the
Chairperson of the Seimas.
     Thus,  provisions  of  laws  acquire the supreme legal power
and  the  status  of  law only upon their adoption by referendum.
They  must  be  signed  and  promulgated as laws in the procedure
prescribed  by  the  Constitution.  Therefore,  the  amendment to
Article   1   of   the   Law  on  Referendum,  establishing  that
"provisions   of   laws"   may   be  adopted  by  referendum,  is
consistent with the Constitution.
     3.  Item  1 of the Law in dispute has also amended Article 1
of   the  Law  on  Referendum  appending  it  by  the  norm  that
"provisions  of  laws  on  economic  issues  may  be  adopted  by
referendum   only   after   economic   examination   of  possible
consequences".
     By  way  of  implementing  the  right  vested in citizens to
participate  in  the  government of their State, it is prescribed
in  the  Constitution that in cases established by laws referenda
shall   be  announced  by  the  Seimas  (Article  9).  Thus,  the
Constitution  does  not provide for the possibility to relate the
implementation  of  this  norm  to  any  additional conditions or
decisions  by  any persons. In the first part of Article 3 of the
Constitution   it  is  established  that  no  one  may  limit  or
restrict  the  sovereignty  of  the  People.  Without denying the
citizens  their  right  to  be  informed about economic and other
consequences   of  the  laws  and  other  provisions  adopted  by
referendum,  various  interpretations  of  issues  submitted  for
referendum  may  be  given  during  election  campaign,  however,
these  may  not  predetermine the announcement and execution of a
referendum.  Therefore,  while  relating  the  right  to call and
execute   a   referendum  on  economic  issues  to  the  economic
examination  of  possible  consequences,  sovereign powers of the
People  are  restricted,  which  contradicts Articles 3, 4, 9 and
33 of the Constitution.
     4.  Item  9 of the Law in dispute has amended the first part
of  Article  9  of  the  Law on Referendum by establishing that a
citizen,  while  signing a list for initiating a referendum, must
specify,  among  other  data,  the  number  of  a  citizen of the
Republic of Lithuania passport.
     In  the  third  part  of Article 9 of the Constitution it is
determined  that  a referendum shall be announced if no less than
300, 000 of the electorate so request.
     Citizenship  is  a permanent political-legal relationship of
an  individual  with a specific state, based on mutual rights and
duties  as  well as trust, loyalty and protection (Constitutional
Court  ruling  of  13  April  1994).  No  one may enjoy civil and
political  rights  and  duties  prescribed  by  the Constitution,
except  the  citizens of their State. In this case it implies the
citizen's  constitutional  right  to  directly participate in the
government  of  their State and the duty of State institutions to
ensure the implementation of this right.
     The  initiative  right  to  call  a referendum is one of the
guarantees  for  the  implementation of the People's sovereignty,
therefore,  the  legislator  establishes  the  rules  that  would
ensure  the  realization  of  this  constitutional guarantee only
for   the   electorate.   A  citizen's  passport  is  a  document
confirming  his  or  her  citizenship  and the personality of the
owner.
     Thus,  the  provision of the second part of Article 9 of the
Law  on  Referendum  that  a citizen of the Republic of Lithuania
while  signing  a  list  for initiating a referendum, must, among
other  data,  indicate  his or her passport number, is one of the
guarantees  that  the signature is by a proper person. Therefore,
this  norm  of  the  Law  on Referendum is in compliance with the
Constitution.
     5.  Item  5 of the Law in dispute has amended the third part
of  Article  9  of  the Law on Referendum which specified that "a
citizen  himself  shall  write  all the data while signing a list
for initiating a referendum".
     By  way  of  implementing the constitutional right vested in
the  citizens  to  participate  in  the government of their State
(Article  33  of the Constitution), the laws should establish the
guarantees for the implementation of this right.
     In  cases  established by laws, referenda shall be announced
by  the  Seimas.  Referenda  shall  be  announced if no less than
300, 000 of the electorate so request (Article 9, Part 3).
     In  accordance  with  Parts  1  and  3,  Article  34  of the
Constitution,  only  citizens  who  are  under  18  on the day of
election  or  those  who  are declared legally incapable by court
shall  not  have the right to vote in the election (nor the right
to  request  to  call  a  referendum).  The Constitution does not
prescribe   any  other  restrictions  of  the  suffrage  and  its
implementation.
     The  provision  of the Law in dispute that a citizen himself
shall  write  all  the data while signing a list for initiating a
referendum,  is  a  deprivation of the right to call a referendum
for  those  citizens  who, due to their physical handicap, cannot
fill  in  that  list. Thereby, the citizen's constitutional right
to  participate  in  the  government  of  their  State is denied,
which contradicts Articles 4, 9 and 33 of the Constitution.
     6.  Item  12  of  the Law in dispute has appended Article 12
of  the  Law  on Referendum by the second part which establishes:
"In  cases  when,  according  to  the  Seimas,  the  draft of the
provisions  of  a  law  submitted for referendum does not conform
to  the  Constitution,  the question of amending the Constitution
must be primarily considered".
     In  Article  6 of the Constitution it is determined that the
Constitution   shall  be  an  integral  and  directly  applicable
statute,  whereas  Article  7  thereof  prescribes the principled
provision  that  any  law  or other statute which contradicts the
Constitution  shall  be  invalid.  The Constitutional Court shall
decide  whether  the  laws  and  other  legal acts adopted by the
Seimas  are  in  conformity  with the Constitution and legal acts
adopted  by  the President and the Government, do not violate the
Constitution or laws (Constitution, Article 102).
     However,   the   Constitution   does   not   prescribe   the
prerogative   to   the   Constitutional   Court   to  decide  the
compliance  of  draft  laws  or  other  draft legal acts with the
Constitution.  The  Seimas,  as  well  as  other  participants of
legislation   process,   must  draft  and  adopt  legal  acts  in
conformity  with  the  Constitution.  This  is  one  of  the main
measures  ensuring  the constitutional order and one of the basic
principles  of  the  law-governed  State.  A  group  of citizens,
while  expressing  their  initiative  to  call a referendum, must
also  keep  to  this  rule.  Therefore, a draft law or a draft of
the  provisions  of  law  submitted for referendum should also be
co-ordinated with the Constitution.
     The  Seimas,  as  People's representative and legislator may
voice  its  opinion  on  the compliance of a draft law or a draft
of  the  provisions  of  law,  submitted for referendum, with the
Constitution.  Therefore,  the  provision  of  the second part of
Article  12  of  the  appended  Law on Referendum that the Seimas
may  state  the  contradiction  of the draft of the provisions of
law  to  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania,  is
consistent with the Constitution.
     In  cases  when  the  draft  of  the  provisions  of  law is
submitted  for  referendum,  the  People shall be the legislator.
In  Article  3  of the Constitution it is established that no one
may  limit  or  restrict  the  sovereignty  of the people or make
claims  to  the  sovereign  powers of the People. The adoption of
any  preliminary  decisions  not provided for by the Constitution
and  stipulating  the announcement of a referendum would restrict
the  supreme  sovereign power of the People. The provision of the
second  part  of  Article  12  of amended Law on Referendum, that
upon  the  establishment  of the contradiction of the draft legal
act  submitted  for  referendum to the Constitution "the question
of  amending  the  Constitution  must  be  primarily considered",
relates  the  announcement  of  a referendum to the condition not
prescribed  by  the Constitution - the consideration of the issue
concerning  the  amendment to the Constitution. This provision is
flawed  also  due  to  the  fact  that  the issue of amending the
Constitution  would  be  considered being unaware of the People's
will  to  be  stated during vote on the draft legal act submitted
for  referendum.  Therefore,  this provision contradicts Articles
3, 4 and 9 of the Constitution.
     7.  Item  12  of  the Law in dispute has appended Article 12
of  the  Law on Referendum by Part 3, which reads: "In cases that
the  Seimas  decides  to  consider and adopt submitted provisions
of  the  law,  the announcement of a referendum may be postponed,
however  the  referendum  must  be  announced in the same sitting
which fails to adopt the submitted provisions of the law".
     The   Seimas   is   the   People's   representative,   whose
prerogative  is  to enact laws and decide other issues concerning
State  power.  The  Seimas  may  adopt  any  law in the procedure
prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  the Statute of the Seimas
and  without  violation  of  the  laws in force. In Article 9 and
the   third  item  of  Article  67  of  the  Constitution  it  is
determined  that  the  Seimas  shall  adopt  resolutions  for the
organization  of  a  referenda  if  no  less than 300, 000 of the
electorate  so  request.  The  Constitution,  however,  does  not
prescribe  that  the Seimas may do any other activities or accept
for  consideration  the draft legal act submitted for referendum,
thus  restricting  the  citizen's  right to initiate a referendum
and  voice  their  will with regard to the submitted draft law or
a  draft  of  any  other  legal act. Therefore, the third part of
amended   Article   12  of  the  Law  on  Referendum  contradicts
Articles 4, 9 and item 3 of Article 67 of the Constitution.
     8.  Under  item  39 of the Law in dispute, Article 32 of the
Law  on  Referendum  has  been  newly  formulated  and part 2 has
become  Part  5.  The  latter  prescribes: "Provisions of laws of
the  Republic  of Lithuania or any other decision shall be deemed
adopted  by  referendum  if  more  than half of registered voters
vote in the affirmative".
     The  Constitution  establishes  that  sovereignty  shall  be
vested  in  the People (Article 2). Citizens shall have the right
to  participate  in  the  government of their State both directly
and  through  their  freely elected representatives (Article 33).
The  direct  participation of citizens in the government of their
state  is  a  very  important expression of the supreme sovereign
power,  therefore,  referendum  shall  be a testimony of the real
will of the people.
     In  Article  1  of  the  Constitution it is established that
the  State  of  Lithuania  shall be an independent and democratic
republic.  One  of  the  democratic principles in the adoption of
decisions  is  the  majority  principle.  This  principle is also
determined  in  the  Constitution establishing the procedures for
the  activity  and  law  enactment  carried out by the Seimas and
other authorised institutions, also regulating other questions.
     All  referenda  up  to now, including those when the present
Constitution    of    the   Republic   of   Lithuania   and   the
constitutional  provision  "the  State  of  Lithuania shall be an
independent  and  democratic  republic"  were  adopted, have been
organized  under  this  principle  and  following  the democratic
legal traditions of the Lithuanian State.
     Therefore,  the  provision  of  the law that decisions shall
be  deemed  adopted  by  referendum  if  more  than  half  of the
registered  voters  vote  in the affirmative, does not contradict
the Constitution.
  
     Conforming  to  Article  102  of  the  Constitution  of  the
Republic  of  Lithuania  as well as Articles 53, 54, 55 and 56 of
the   Law   on  the  Constitutional  Court  of  the  Republic  of
Lithuania, the Constitutional Court has taken the following
     ruling:

     To  recognize  that in the 15 June 1994 Law "On Amending and
Appending the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Referendum":
     1)  the  norm  of  item  1  that  "provisions of laws of the
Republic  of  Lithuania  may  be adopted by referendum", does not
contradict the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania;
     2)  the  norm of item 1 that "provisions of laws on economic
issues   may   be  adopted  by  referendum  only  after  economic
examination  of  possible  consequences", contradicts Articles 3,
4, 9 and 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania;
     3)  the  norm  of  item  9  which  amended the first part of
Article  of  the  Law  on  Referendum  by  establishing that "the
passport  number  of  a  citizen  of  the  Republic of Lithuania"
shall  be  indicated  while  signing  a  list  for  initiating  a
referendum,   does   not   contradict  the  Constitution  of  the
Republic of Lithuania;
     4)  the  norm  of  item  9  which  amended the third part of
Article  9  of  the  Law  on  Referendum  by establishing that "a
citizen   himself  shall  write  all  the  necessary  data  while
signing   a   list  for  initiating  a  referendum",  contradicts
Articles  4,  9  and  33  of  the Constitution of the Republic of
Lithuania;
     5)  the  provision  of item 12 which has appended Article 12
of  the  Law  on  Referendum by the second part establishing that
the  Seimas  may  state  that the draft of the provisions of laws
submitted   for   referendum   is  not  in  compliance  with  the
Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Lithuania,  conforms  to the
Constitution;
     6)  the  provision  of item 12 which has appended Article 12
of  the  Law on Referendum by the second part, that "the question
of  amending  the  Constitution  must  be  primarily considered",
contradicts  Articles  3,  4  and  9  of  the Constitution of the
Republic of Lithuania;
     7)  the  norm  of  item  12 which has appended Article 12 of
the  Law  on Referendum by the third part, contradicts Articles 4
and  9  as  well  as  item 3 of Article 67 of the Constitution of
the Republic of Lithuania;
     8)  the  provision  of item 39, which provided a new wording
for  Article  32  of  the  Law  on  Referendum and upon which the
second  part  of  said  Article  has  become  Part  5,  does  not
contradict the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
  
     This  Constitutional  Court  ruling is final and not subject
to appeal.
     The  ruling  is  promulgated  on  behalf  of the Republic of
Lithuania.